Rare Bacterial Diseases and/or Mosquito Bite Virus Diseases and/or Encephalitis Virus disease of America’s and Russia and Africa and Asia and Australia

Rare Viral Mosquito and/or Encephalitis type diseases 

• A rare viral infection/disease caused by the bite of an infected mosquito mainly found in reservoirs and woodland areas (especially in trees with tree holes and shedding leaves each year) and certain animals population.

America’s

• California serogroup viruses which includes:
  • California encephalitis (mosquito in woodlands from chipmunk, squirrels, rabbits and hares populations in Western America and Canada).
  • Jamestown Canyon virus (Found in Deer’s and mosquito populations near reservoirs in North Americas).
  • La Crosse virus (LACV) (the eastern tree hole mosquito in woodlands from chipmunk and squirrels populations in North Americas)
  • Snowshoe hare virus (found in snow shoe hare populations)
  • Keystone virus (found in squirrels and deer populations in North Americas)
  • Tahyna virus (wild European rabbit and The European hare from Central Europe and Russia).
  • Cache valley virus (rabbits found in America).
  • Tensaw virus (rabbits found in Southern Eastern America).
  • Northway virus (rabbits and snow shoe hare found in Alaska and California, America).
  • Silver water virus (mosquito bites and ticks from squirrels and rabbits and snow shoe hare in America).
• Others:
  • St Louis Encephalitis – caused by bites of mosquito (North America)
  • Western Equine Encephalitis Virus (found in horses, North America and South America’s)
  • Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus (found in horses, donkeys, zebra, cats, dogs, cattle, goats, pigs, birds, squirrels and rodents (North America and South America’s).
  • Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis  (found in horses , donkeys, Zebra, cats, dogs, cattle, goats, pigs, rodents, and birds , Central America’s and Argentina).
  • Powassan virus – a Flavivirus transmitted by ticks (North America and Russia).
  • Bourbon virus – transmitted by ticks (North America).
  • Adenovirus 14 (North America)
  • Acute flaccid myelitis- rare condition that affects the spinal cord (North America)
  • Oropouche fever – is a tropical viral infection transmitted by biting midges and mosquitoes from the blood of sloths to humans, non-human primates, and perhaps birds. There is emerging evidence suggesting the possibility of vertical transmission (from mother to foetus), which may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. It has similar symptoms to dengue (Central and South America, Peru).
  • Symptoms typically appear 4 to 8 days after an infective bite and include sudden onset of fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, rash, light sensitivity, and pain behind the eyes. In most cases, the illness is mild and self-limiting, lasting up to seven days. However, in some cases, more severe manifestations such as meningitis or encephalitis can occur. Case numbers in countries such as Brazil and Cuba have been reported.

Europe

Russia

• Powassan virus – a Flavivirus transmitted by ticks

Spain And Bulgaria

• Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

Middle East

• Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever – virus carried by infected ticks via including sheep, cattle and camels (Saudi Arabia).

Africa

• MDR/XDR  tuberculosis  – resistant form of  tubeculosis to drugs:  Isoniazid and Rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e. amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin)
• Human African trypanosomiasis
• Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (Eastern and southern Europe, Central Asia, all of Africa, Middle East) – Fever carried by infected ticks from a reservoir usually in animals such as cattle, sheep and goats or direct contact of blood of cattle, sheep and goats. Human-to-human transmission can occur resulting from close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected persons.
• Rift valley fever from infected cattle, sheep, livestock and goats, mosquito bites (from infected mosquito to human), unpasteurized milk, raw undercooked meat . (Eastern and southern Africa)

Asia

• Akhmeta virus- viral pox virus similar to small pox
• Dengue
• SARS Virus /MERs/Camel flu virus
• MDR/XDR  tuberculosis – resistant form of  tuberculosis to drugs:  isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e. amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin)
• Simian B Virus (bitten or scratched by macaque monkeys)
• Yellow Fever

China

• The Novel Langya henipavirus (LayV) (similar to Hendra virus and Nipah virus)
  • North eastern provinces of Shandong and Henan
  • From animals such as Shrew, goats (rare)and dogs (rare)
• Simian B Virus (bitten or scratched by macaque monkeys)

India/Singapore/Malaysia

• Dengue
• Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD)-  virus carried by infected ticks via Monkeys, rodents and shrews or incontact with infected animals (South India).
• Nipah Encephalitis – Consumption of raw date sap contaminated by fruit bats and from pigs (mainly in Bangladesh, India, Singapore, Malaysia amongst pig farmers)
• Simian B Virus (bitten or scratched by macaque monkeys)

Australasia

Malaysia

• Sarcocystosis- a disease caused by a microscopic parasite Sarcocystis.
  • In humans, two types of the disease can occur, one causes diarrhea, mild fever, and vomiting (intestinal type), and the other type causes muscle pain, transitory edema, and fever (muscular type)

Australia

• Murray Valley Encephalitis and Kunjin Encephalitis in Australia (found in wading birds i.e. herons).
• Barmah forest virus –  caused by bites of mosquito
• Ross river virus- caused by bites of mosquito
• Mosquito Bourne virus – caused by bites of mosquito
• Hendra virus- from natural host of the virus of the fruit bat of the Pteropodidae Family