Scoliosis

What is it?

An abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine (where the spine twists and curves to the side).

Early sign include:

Clothes fit awkwardly or hang unevenly
Sideways curvature observed while in bathing suit or changing

Diagnosis test

Please click for ‘Physiotutors’ diagnosis tests.

Cause

Congenital scoliosis (spine fails to form completely or not forms as it should while baby in the womb)
Spinal injury
Spinal disease
- Chiari malformations
Cerebral palsy
Cleidocranial dysplasia
Cohen syndrome
Costello syndrome
Craniofrontonasal dysplasia
Diastrophic dysplasia
Friedreich’s ataxia
Neurofibromatosis 1 (von Recklinghausen’s disease)
NGLY1 deficiency
Osteoporosis with fractures
Progeria
Acrocephalopolysyndactyly disorders (Apert syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, Chotzen syndrome, Carpenter syndrome
Angelman syndrome
ADNP syndrome (Helsmoortel-Van Der Aa syndrome)
Aarskog syndrome
Acrodysostosis
ASXL3-related disorder (Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome)
Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED)
Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS)
Barth syndrome
Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome
Camurati-Engelmann disease
Cat eye syndrome
Catel-Manzke syndrome (unusual fingers and toes)
Cerebrocostomandibular syndrome
CHARGE syndrome
Chromosome 13, Partial Monosomy 13q
Chromosome 15, Distal Trisomy 15q
Conradi-Hünermann syndrome
Diastrophic dysplasia (disastrophic dwarfism)
Floating-Harbor syndrome
Freeman-Sheldon syndrome (whistling face syndrome)
Gordon syndrome
Hajdu-Cheney syndrome
Hereditary hyperphosphatasia
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II
Hypomelanosis of Ito (develop areas that lack skin colour)
Jansen type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
Kabuki syndrome
KBG syndrome
Klippel-Feil syndrome
Lenz microphthalmia syndrome
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
Loeys-Dietz syndrome
Malan syndrome
MAPK8IP3-related neurodevelopmental disorder
Marfan syndrome
McKusick type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
MCT8-specific thyroid hormone cell transporter deficiency
Melnick-Needles syndrome
Metatropic Dysplasia I
MN1 C-terminal truncation syndrome
Moebius syndrome (eyes do not move from side-to-side, facial paralysis or weakness affecting at least one but usually both sides of the face)
Mosaic trisomy 9
Multicentric osteolysis nodulosis and arthropathy spectrum
Multiple sulfatase deficiency
Noonan syndrome
Oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome (with brown skin tags around eyes)
Pitt-Hopkins syndrome
Post-Polio Syndrome
Prader- Willi syndrome
Proteus syndrome
Pseudoachondroplasia
Pterygium syndrome Multiple
Recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
Rett syndrome (female)
Robinow syndrome
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
Seckel syndrome
Shashi-Pena syndrome
Shprintzen Goldberg syndrome
Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome
Sjögren-Larsson syndrome
Smith-Magenis syndrome
Snyder-Robinson syndrome
Sotos syndrome
Spondylothoracic dysplasia (Lavy-Moseley syndrome, Jarcho-Levin syndrome) – a genetic birth defect which causes malformed bones in the spine (vertebrae) and ribs
Stickler syndrome
Tethered cord syndrome
TLK2-related neurodevelopmental disorder
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II (Langer-Giedion syndrome)
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type III (Sugio-Kajii syndrome)
Trisomy-18 (Edwards syndrome)
Turner syndrome
Ullrich disease
VACTERL association
Warburg Micro syndrome
Weismann-Netter-Stuhl syndrome
Wieacker syndrome
Williams-Beuren syndrome
Wildervanck syndrome
- Abnormal union or fusion of two or more bones of the spinal column (vertebrae) within the neck (Klippel-Feil syndrome)
- Impairment or absence of certain eye (ocular) movements (Duane syndrome)
- Hearing impairment
XXYY Syndrome
ZC4H2 Associated Rare Disorders (Miles-Carpenter syndrome, Wieacker-Wolff syndrome)

Source: Scoliosis SOS Clinic

Source: NHS Choices

Source: Wikipedia

Symptoms

Spine typically curves out to one side and then back again, or, more commonly, has two bowed-out areas that balance each other, resembling an S shape?
A visibly curved spine?
Leaning to one side?
Uneven shoulders?
One shoulder or hip sticking out?
The ribs sticking out on one side?
Clothes not fitting well?
One shoulder that appears lower than the other?
A rounded shoulder?
A sunken or asymmetrical (uneven) chest shape?
A spine that curves inward or downward too much, known as a sway back?
A pelvis that thrusts forward on one side?
One leg that appears shorter than the other?
Back pain?
Tingling or numbness in the legs?
General discomfort (muscle weakness), uneasiness or ill feeling (malaise) and/or fatigue (tiredness)?
Shortness of breath and/or breathing difficulties?

Complications /Information to beware of/General tips:

This condition can lead to :

Poor development of muscles and ligaments associated with the spinal column, causing the ribs and pelvis also to twist and rotate to the side.
Heart condition

This condition may show similar symptoms to:

Lordosis and/or Kyphoisis
Pisa syndrome – reversible lateral bending of the trunk with a tendency to lean to one side.
Sprengel deformity

Please talk to your healthcare professional (i.e. Medical Doctor/Pharmacist) for further advice

Detailed Information

Please copy and paste any key words from the title: Scoliosis in the following respective 'Medtick References and/or Sources' to find out more about the disease (this also may include diagnosis tests and generic medical treatments).

Medical News Today
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Medscape (Professional level)
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Healthline
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EveryDay Health
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Pharmaceutical Journal (Professional level)
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NHS
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WebMD
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Cleveland Clinic
Pushing the Standards of care.
Mayo Clinic
No.1 Hospital in the Nation (America)
Drugs.com
Know more. Be sure.
National Organisation of Rare Diseases
NORD is dedicated to supporting education, elevating care, advancing research, and driving policy for rare diseases.
Verywell Health
Know more. Fell better.
Nathnac
Travel health guidance for health professionals advising travellers and for travellers going overseas from the UK.
DR Axe
Health and fitness news. Recipes, Natural Remedies
Better health - NHS
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There has never been a better time to kickstart your health. Let’s do this!

Diet, Exercise and Body Manipulations

Please click for ‘Ask ‘Doctor Jo’ exercise tips.