Pre-Diabetes - Medtick
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Pre-Diabetes

What is it?

They are not classed diabetic but still have high glucose blood levels.

One usually show no symptoms hence it is more important to have regular diabetic check-ups.

There are two main forms of pre-diabetes:

Impaired fasting glucose

  • A person with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance indicates that they may be on the ‘borderline’ to develop diabetes, the development to diabetes occurs between 3-10 years.
  • Impaired fasting glucose is normally is connected liver insulin resistance and near normal muscle insulin sensitivity.
  • It also has a higher risk of heart conditions and metabolic syndrome than impaired glucose tolerance.

Impaired glucose tolerance

  • Impaired glucose tolerance is connected with muscle insulin resistance and malfunction of insulin being released and is also more connected with obesity and age.

Diagnosis Tests

Testing should be considered in overweight or obese adults who have one or more of the following risk factors:

  • First-degree relative with diabetes
  • High-risk race/ethnicity (i.e. Black, Latinx, Native American, Asian American, Pacific Islander)
  • History of cardiovascular disease
  • Hypertension (high blood pressure) (≥ 140/90 mm Hg or on therapy for hypertension)
  • High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level < 35 mg/dL (0.90 mmol/L) and/or a triglyceride level > 250 mg/dL (2.82 mmol/L)
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome
  • Physical inactivity
  • Other clinical conditions associated with insulin resistance (i.e. severe obesity, acanthosis nigricans)
  • Testing should begin at age 45 years.
  • Testing for prediabetes and/or diabetes type 2 in asymptomatic patients should be considered in adults of any age who are overweight or obese and who have one or more additional risk factors for diabetes.
  • Among Asian, a BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 is the threshold for  all other persons, a BMI ≥ 25, kg/m2 is the threshold.

American Diabetes Association (ADA)

Diagnosis of diabetes includes any of the following:

A fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L); fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hours

  • A 2-hour plasma glucose level ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test
  • An A1c level ≥ 6.5% (≥ 48 mmol/mol)
  • A random plasma glucose level ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) in a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia (ie, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss) or hyperglycemic crisis
  • Measuring concentrations of insulin or C-peptide (a fragment of proinsulin that serves as a marker for insulin secretion) is rarely necessary to diagnose diabetes type 2 or differentiate diabetes 2 from Diabetes type 1. Insulin levels generally are high early in the course of diabetes type 2 and gradually wane over time. A fasting C-peptide level > 1 ng/dL in a patient who has had diabetes for more than 1-2 years is suggestive of diabetes type 2  (i.e. residual beta-cell function).

American Diabetes Association (ADA)

Cause

  • Family history of type -2 diabetes
  • Stroke
  • Severe mental problems
  • Polycystic ovaries (females only)
  • Pregnancy (gestational diabetes)
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Pancreatic cancer
  • Overweight or obese (BMI greater than 30kg/m2 or more) BMI
  • Large waist of more than 31.5 inches in women and 37 inches in men
  • Waist size equal to or larger than 35 inches for south Asian
  • Decent of South Asian, African-Caribbean or Middle Eastern
  • Over age of 40 years old
  • Over age of 25 years old for blacks and south Asians

Syndromes

Medication

www.arrx.org

Vitamins, herbals and minerals

Complications /Information to beware of/General tips:

This condition can lead to:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
/35269827/

Diet and Exercise

Please talk to your healthcare professional (i.e. Medical Doctor/Pharmacist) for further advice

Detailed Information

Please copy and paste any key words from the title: Pre-Diabetes in the following respective 'Medtick References and/or Sources' to find out more about the disease (this also may include diagnosis tests and generic medical treatments).

Diet, Exercise and Body Manipulations

Diet and Exercise

References

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35269827/

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