Perimenopause - Medtick

Perimenopause

What is it?

Perimenopause is defined as a time period preceding cessation of menstruation. Perimenopause lasts for 7 years on average but can have a duration of up to 14 years.

  • During perimenopause, many women experience symptoms associated with corresponding changes in hormone levels.
  • The perimenopausal stage may involve a range of symptoms. Some of these symptoms may continue or change when a woman reaches menopause. The most common and well-recognized symptom of perimenopause is a change in menstrual pattern, which may include irregular periods, lighter periods, shorter periods, longer periods, or heavier periods.
  • Additionally, some patients may experience menstrual bleeding for 1-2 days between their periods, with the period lasting for 3-5 days.

National Institute on Aging. What is menopause?


Why does one sweat?

  • The drop in oestrogen that begins during perimenopause causes vasomotor effects, mediated through the hypothalamus (this part of the brain helps to regulate temeperature in outr brain).
  • Research suggests that patients may experience a narrowing of the thermoneutral zone, which contributes to feeling too cold or too hot, with physiologic responses to reach a neutral temperature by processes such as peripheral vasoconstriction and sweating. The sweat glands are not harmed by this process.

Does infertility lead to perimenopause?

For most women, the age at which they experience perimenopause is genetically determined. Medical conditions that may lead to infertility could also cause a person to experience early menopause, but infertility does not cause early menopause.

Does perimenopause symptoms and/or heart disease cause early menopause?

  • Vasomotor symptoms are common during perimenopausal years and after menopause, but they do not cause early menopause.
  • Additionally, women are at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease after menopause, but heart disease does not cause early menopause or affect the timing of menopause.

Medscape

Cause

  • Changes in hormone levels

Symptoms

  • Irregular periods and/or less frequent and/or no period?
  • Bleeding between periods?
  • Unusual vaginal bleeding (include new bleed in menopause)?
  • Irritated, depressed, anxiety and/or panic attack and/or emotional (laugh or cry for no reason)?
  • Difficulty sleeping and/or lack of sleep and/or feeling of not having a good night sleep?
  • General discomfort (muscle weakness), uneasiness or ill feeling (malaise) and/or fatigue (tiredness)?
  • Difficult to concentrate and/or difficulty in concentrating and/or memory problems (brain fog)?
  • Hot flushes and/or flushed face and/or warm skin and/or slight sweating, and/or dislike to heat?
  • Night sweats?
  • Weight gain?
  • Aching, painful muscles, muscle cramps/spasms/stiffness?
  • Joint pain and stiffness?
  • Runny nose and/or congestion and/or cold not cleared by over the counter medication or greater than three weeks?
  • Headache which is on and off or a constant headache longer than 24 hours?

Flanagan MR, Fantasia HC. Comprehensive management of menopausal symptoms. Nurs Womens Health. 2024 Aug 27:S1751-4851(24)00167-3.

Complications /Information to beware of/General tips:

Perimenopausal occurring at an early age can lead to an increase risk of:

Behboudi-Gandevani S, Arntzen EC, Normann B, Haugan T, Bidhendi-Yarandi R. Cardiovascular events among women with premature ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2023;24:193. 

This condition may show similar symptoms to:

Please talk to your healthcare professional (i.e. Medical Doctor/Pharmacist) for further advice

Detailed Information

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