There are many types of incontinence:

Stress incontinence 

• When the pelvic muscles just below the bladder weaken  and let urine drain out due to pressure from the bladder just above it , the pelvic muscles cannot withstand a “stress”  pushing on the bladder.

Urge incontinence (overactive bladder)

• When the bladder is full  the nerve signals and muscles of the bladder work together and  push urine towards the pelvis in a controlled manner.
• In urge incontinence  the bladder muscles are overactive due to nerve signals and the bladder muscle contraction not working together as they should and hence constantly push the urine to towards the pelvis and urine drains out even though the bladder mainly be part full.
• This occurs mainly after child birth and pregnancy (normally, a woman can tighten her vaginal muscles hold such a contraction for 5-10 seconds, if they cannot then pelvic exercises might be required).
• In postmenopausal women, many of these changes are related to estrogen deficiency.
• Estrogen deprivation therapy in younger women with breast cancer has also been associated with increased risk for over active bladder.

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Neurological incontinence 

• Neurologic problems can cause the bladder to overfill and overflow and or as in urge incontinence they can cause the bladder to empty unpredictably.

Temporary incontinence

• This is  short term incontinence normally from an urinary tract infection and irritation in the genital region and/or if in a cold environment.