Mastitis - Medtick

Mastitis

What is it?

A painful condition causing Inflammation of the breast tissue.

  • Mastitis usually only affects one breast, and symptoms often develop quickly.

Cause

  • Tight bras
  • Gigantomastia/Macromastia (Breast hypertrophy)
  • Wearing tight seat belts
  • Sleeping on breast
  • Damage to the nipple (knock or blow)
  • Cracked or sore nipple
  • Nipple piercing
  • Duct ectasia (milk ducts behind the nipple get shorter and wider as the breasts age normally near time of menopause)
  • Breastfeeding women (usually within the first three months after giving birth)
  • Bacterial infection of milk (infective mastitis)
  • Too much build up of milk in breast (milk stasis) i.e.
    • Baby not properly attaching to the breast during feeding
    • Favouring one breast for breastfeeding
    • a baby having problems sucking
    • infrequent feeds or missing feeds

Symptoms

  • Breast which is hot, red and swollen that may feel hot and painful to touch?
  • Breast lump?
  • Hard area on one’s breast?
  • Burning pain in one’s breast (pain can be always be there or during breast- feeding only?
  • White discharge or contain streaks of blood from nipple?
  • General discomfort (muscle weakness), uneasiness or ill feeling (malaise) and/or fatigue (tiredness)?
  • High temperature greater than 38°C, 100°F or over greater than 72 hours, chills and sweats?

Complications /Information to beware of/General tips:

Medical emergency Condition

And/or do not wait, phone for an ambulance if have or develop:

  • Breast cancer (Particular women who do not breast- feed)
  • Male has symptoms

Urgent Referral to Medical Doctor/Hospital (including Inflammatory breast cancer)

  • Urgent referral is warranted when women who are 50 years of age or older present with nipple discharge or retraction in one nipple only or with any other concerning changes.
  • Women aged 30 years or older who present with an unexplained breast lump, with or without pain
  • Women aged 30 years or older who present with skin changes that are suggestive of breast cancer
  • Women aged 30 years or older who present with an unexplained lump in the axilla

Inflammatory breast cancer

  • Patients may present with a rapidly enlarging, erythematous (rash) breast without an underlying palpable mass.
  • Usually, there is a spreading colour change in one breast, typically evolving from pink to darker red in a mottled pattern.
  • Patient with a red breast include previous history of breast cancer, symptoms of mastitis in a non-lactating woman, and/or  swollen glands and/or lymph-nodes.
  • Crusting and retraction of nipples may or may not occur.
Do not wait to see a a medical doctor/Hospital as, inflammatory breast cancer can exist with cancer that can spread to other parts of the body.

This condition can lead to:

  • Lactation mastitis or puerperal mastitis (breast feeding women)
  • Periductal mastitis (non-breast feeding women)
  • Breast abscess (hot, red , swollen breast infection)

Breast feeding women  

  • Breastfeeding your baby when you have mastitis, even if you have an infection, won’t harm your baby and can help improve your symptoms.
  • It may also help to feed more frequently than usual, express any remaining milk after a feed, and express milk between feeds.

Steps to take stop milk building up in your breasts:

  • Breastfeed exclusively for around six months, if possible
  • Encourage your baby to feed frequently, particularly when your breasts feel overfull
  • Ensure your baby is well attached to your breast during feeds – ask for advice if you’re unsure
  • Let your baby finish their feeds – most babies release the breast when they’ve finished feeding; try not to take your baby off the breast unless they’re finished
  • Avoid suddenly going longer between feeds – if possible, cut down gradually
  • Avoid pressure on your breasts from tight clothing, including bras

NHS Choices


General tips

Obtain salt irrigation wash and/or use a salt water solution (boil normal tap water and then cool down and add salt)- bathe or wash for 10mins-20mins 3 to four times daily) after breast feeding (or express breast milk first and then wash) to relieve soreness and pressure of the nipple.

Please talk to your healthcare professional (i.e. Medical Doctor/Pharmacist) for further advice

Detailed Information

Please copy and paste any key words from the title: Mastitis in the following respective 'Medtick References and/or Sources' to find out more about the disease (this also may include diagnosis tests and generic medical treatments).

  • NHS

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  • Medscape

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  • Verywell Health

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