Erectile dysfunction - Medtick

Erectile dysfunction

What is it?

When one is not able to get an erection or to keep one that’s firm enough and/or that lasts long enough for a man to have a satisfying sexual experience  and/or when one cannot erect their penis when they wish too.

  • This is a concern if it occurs on regular occurrence.
  • Most cases are to do with neurological (nerve) related conditions and blood circulation conditions.

  • An erection occurs when sexual stimulation—physical touch or an erotic thought—triggers the brain to signal muscles in the penis to relax.
  • This allows more blood to flow into the penis, filling the blood vessels and causing the penis to become rigid and erect.
  • Normally blood stays trapped in the penis by a membrane called the tunica albuginea until the man has an orgasm and ejaculates.

verywell Health

  • An erection ends when the muscles contract and the accumulated blood can flow out through the penile veins.

  • Erectile dysfunction occurs if there are any problems or malfunction at any point of the erection process.

This condition can lead to male infertility, other factor of male infertility to consider are:

Primary testicular defects

  • These tend to be inherent (however sometimes of unknown cause) testicular problems causing decreased sperm and/or testosterone production examples include Klinefelter syndrome and/or to one extra X-chromosome.
  • Infections: mumps
  • Other reasons can be due to testicular lesion due to:
    • Chemotherapy, cancer medication, pelvic or testicular surgery/irradiation.

Endocrinopathies that reduce spermatogenesis

Defects in sperm transportation

  • Impaired sperm transportation may result in oligospermia (low levels of sperm in the ejaculate) or azoospermia (no sperm in the ejaculate).
  • Obstructive:
    • Infection
    • Transection of the vas following vasectomy and congenital absence of the vas deferens (the tube that carries the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra)
    • Cystic fibrosis
    • Alpha blockers used for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms can cause contraction of the seminal vesicles resulting in a lower ejaculate volume

Revenig L, Leung A, Hsiao W. Ejaculatory physiology and pathophysiology: assessment and treatment in male infertility. Transl Androl Urol 2014;3:41–9. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2014.02.02

  • Non obstructive

Medication causing infertility

Examples include:

  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Cyclosporin
  • Leflunomide
  • Methotrexate
  • Mycophenolate mofetil
  • Sulfasalazine
  • Tacrolimus
  • Thalidomide

Cause

Lifestyle:

Disease:

Hormonal:

Physical:

  • Physical trauma (including riding a bike on certain saddles for long periods of times, pelvis fractures) and/or surgery to genital area (can damage nerves)
  • Bowel surgery i.e bowel cancer
  • Spinal cord injury (affects nerves)

Psychological:

Cancer

Treatments

  • Cancer chemotherapy
  • Radiation to the pelvis during cancer treatment

Syndromes

Medication

Complications /Information to beware of/General tips:

This condition can lead to:

  • Premature ejaculation
  • Delayed ejaculation
  • Inability to ejaculate
  • Failure to become aroused after sufficient stimulation (anorgasmia)
  • Feelings of distress, guilt, embarrassment, shame, or other difficult emotions
  • Affects your self-esteem, and reduces your overall sense of health and well-being
  • Stress
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Low sex drive
  • Coronary arteries disease (heart disease)
One should also talk to their Medical Doctor if one is not having enjoyable sex in terms of this condition and any medical related issues.

This condition may show similar symptoms to penile fracture and/or injury:

  • Typical cause include:
    • sexual intercourse- Female partner was on top, straddling the penis, and that the penis slipped out, hitting the perineum or the pubis of the female partner
  • Symptoms include:
    • Sharp pain to a discomfort that lasts hours after intercourse
    • Popping, cracking, or snapping sound with immediate of tension, swelling and/or (especially) sexual arousal
    • Penile skin discoloration and/or Penile swelling (blood clot under the skin)
    • Penis is abnormally curved, often in an S shape
    • Penis is often deviated away from the site of the tear secondary to mass effect of the haematoma (blood clot under the skin)
    • Blood at opening of penis canal
    • Pain when urinating
    • Not going to the bathroom to urinate (this maybe because it painful and/or swelling of internal part of penis causing a blockage)

Please talk to your healthcare professional (i.e. Medical Doctor/Pharmacist) for further advice

Detailed Information

Please copy and paste any key words from the title: Erectile dysfunction in the following respective 'Medtick References and/or Sources' to find out more about the disease (this also may include diagnosis tests and generic medical treatments).

  • NHS

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  • Medscape

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  • Pharmaceutical Journal

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  • WebMD

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  • Cleveland Clinic

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  • Mayo Clinic

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  • Drugs.com

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  • National Organisation of Rare Diseases

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  • Verywell Health

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  • DR Axe

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Diet, Exercise and Body Manipulations

One should consider pelvic floor exercises:

References

  • Pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/infertility-in-men-assessment-and-treatment