Familial Mediterranean Fever - Medtick

Familial Mediterranean Fever

What is it?

Rare inflammatory condition that occurs in:

  • Sephardic Jews (descendants were expelled from Spain during the 15th century)
  • Armenians
  • Turkish and Arabic people

  • There are many variation of this condition and one can have variations in symptoms.
  • This condition can have ‘flare up’ some have attacks often while others have it less often.
  • ‘Flare up’ include:  Episodic (recurrent fevers, often with pain in the abdomen, joints, or chest.
  • This condition can also be referred as Familial Paroxysmal Polyserositis and/or Recurrent Polyserositis.

Cause

  • MEFV gene mutation – almost always affects chromosome 16 (one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes that make up a person’s DNA).
  • Chromosome 16 is responsible for creating a protein called pyrin found in certain defensive white blood cells and helps to control inflammation- hence maybe a dysfunction in this protein.
  • Family history-autosomal recessive disorder (Both parents who are carriers of  the recessive genes responsible and can cause a 25% chance of their sibling getting this condition)
  • If both parents are carriers, a child has a 25 percent chance of inheriting two recessive genes (and getting FMF), a 50 percent chance of getting one dominant and one recessive gene (and becoming a carrier), and a 25 percent chance of getting two dominant genes (and remaining unaffected).

Symptoms

(Symptoms can vary- the condition its known to cause are):

  • Confusion?
  • Abdominal pain and/or are constant violently vomiting or vomiting longer than two days (one day if a child)?
  • Shoulder pain?
  • Chest pain and/or tight chest?
  • Dry cough longer than three weeks?
  • High temperature greater than 38°C, 100°F or over greater than 72 hours, chills and sweats?
  • Hiccups?
  • Cold hands and/or legs and/or feet which can be numb and painful (chilblains)?
  • Rapid heartbeat?
  • Shortness of breath and/or breathing difficulties?
  • Headache which is on and off or a constant headache longer than 24 hours?
  • Joint pain and stiffness?
  • A widespread, inflamed rash, typically below the knees?
  • Aching, painful muscles, muscle cramps/spasms/stiffness
  • Irritated, depressed, anxiety and/or panic attack and/or emotional (laugh or cry for no reason)?
  • Slowed growth?
  • Anaemic?
  • Feeling discomfort, fullness, or pain on the upper left side of the abdomen; this pain may spread to your left shoulder?

Male only:

  • Inflammation of the testes and/or scrotum causing  aching pain and swelling (which can increase risk of infertility)?

Female only:

  • Painful menstrual periods?

Complications /Information to beware of/General tips:

Medical emergency condition

Do not wait, phone for an ambulance


This condition can lead to:


This condition may show symptoms to:

  • Pleurisy (the inflammation of the lining of the lungs)
  • Peritonitis ( the inflammation of the abdominal wall)
  • Pericarditis (the inflammation of the lining of the heart, characterized by sharp, stabbing chest pains, tight chest, rapid heartbeat)
  • Meningitis

Please talk to your healthcare professional (i.e. Medical Doctor/Pharmacist) for further advice

Detailed Information

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